不同比例膨化大豆替代日粮中鱼

钟伟，程宗佳，李光玉，赵靖波，常忠娟，王凯英，刘佰阳，张海华,(1．中国农科院特产研究所，吉林中农特研饲料有限公司，吉林，吉林，132109；2．美国大豆协会北京办事处，北京，100004)

摘要：本试验选择50只体重相近，健康状况良好的母狐，采用完全随机设计分成五组，每组10只，分别饲喂五种日粮，其中日粮1为对照组日粮，是由膨化玉米面+鱼粉+肉骨粉+DDGS+玉米油+磷酸氢钙+赖氨酸+蛋氨酸+添加剂构成，分别用不同比例膨化大豆(10％，20％，30％，40％)替代对照组日粮中同比例的鱼粉和肉骨粉，分别构成日粮2、日粮3、日粮4、日粮5，配制出的五种日粮营养水平相近，通过消化代谢试验和饲养试验来评价膨化大豆替代狐狸日粮中不同比例鱼粉和肉骨粉对母狐消化代谢及繁殖性能的影响，从而确定繁殖期狐狸日粮中膨化大豆适宜添加水平。试验结果表明：(1)在配种期，干物质采食量(P=0.148)、粗蛋白消化代谢率(P<0.01)、脂肪消化率(P<0.01)、钙消化率(P<0.05)在各日粮组间差异显著，而在磷的消化率上，各日粮组间差异不显著(P>0.1)，其中日粮5组的干物质采食量，粗蛋白和脂肪消化率均显著低于其他日粮组，而其他四组日粮在粗蛋白和脂肪消化率上差异不显著，然而日粮5组钙磷的消化率却显著高于其他组日粮；在妊娠期，干物质采食量、粗蛋白消化代谢率、脂肪消化率在各日粮组间差异不显著(P>0.1)，然而各同粮组间的钙磷消化率差异极显著(P<0.01)，其中日粮4组钙磷消化率显著高于其他同粮组。(2)在繁殖性能指标上，妊娠期和泌乳期，干物质采食量、母狐发情率、配种率在各日粮组间差异不明显，且随着膨化大豆替代比例增加，窝产仔数和仔兽成活率及仔兽同增重并没有降低，而且节省了饲养成本，尤其日粮4组仔兽成活率达到88％，仔兽同增重为22.2克／天，45 日龄平均个体重为1.08千克。(3)综合消化代谢试验和经济成本考虑，在配种期，母狐日粮中利用30％膨化大豆替代15％鱼粉和15％肉骨粉效果较好：妊娠期，膨化大豆替代20％既节省饲养成本，又能满足该时期母狐营养需要。根据仔兽成活率、日增重及45同龄平均均个体重指标和经济饲养成本分析，妊娠期和泌乳期，30％膨化大豆替代比例既能降低每天的耗料成本，又能达到较好的繁殖生产性能。

关键词：膨化大豆；鱼粉；肉骨粉；母北极狐；消化代谢；繁殖性能

Abstract：Fifty foxes were selected with similar weight and good health to be completelyrandomized to be divided into five groups and ten foxes per group were fed five diets，

respectively．The diet 1 was composed of extruded-soybean+fish meal+meat bone meal+DDGS+maize+dicalcium Phosphate+Lysine+Methionine+additives，as thecomparison group，replacing different proportion of fish meal and meat bone meal in fivediets with 1 0％(Diet 2)，20％(Diet 3)，30％(Diet 4)，40％(Diet 5)extruded-soybean，respectively on the similar nutrient level basis to evaluate the effects of the replacement offish meal and meat bone meal with different proportion of extruded-soybean in diets ondigestion metabolism and reproductive performance of blue fox，thereby we w，ill find thefeasible level of extruded-soybeans in fox diet．The results showed that(1)in the matingperiod，there was significant difference on the dry matter intake(P=0.148)，CPdigestibility and metabolism coefficient(P<0.01)，EE digestibility(P<0.01)and Calciumdigestibility(P<0.05)among five diets，while no significant difference(P>0.1)on thedigestibility of Phosphorus was observed．The dry matter intake，CP and EE digestibilityoffemale fox fed diet 5 was significantly lower than that offemale fox fed the other fourdiets，while there was no obvious difference(P>0.1)on the CP and EE digestibility amongthe four diets，but the digestibility of Calcium and Phosphorus of diet 5 was higher thanthat of the other diets．In the pregnancy period，the dry matter intake，CP digestibility andmetabolism coefficient，EE digestibility had、no significantly different(P>0.1)among fivediets，while the digestibility of Calcium and Phosphorus of diet 4 had significantly higherthat that of the four diets．(2)In the pregnancy and lactation period，the average dry matterintake，estrus rate and mating rate was similar among five diets，as the extruded—soybeanproportion of replacement gradually increased，average farrow litter number,survive rate。

Key words：Extruded-soybean；Fish meal；Meat bone meal；Female Blue fox；Digestibility and Metabolism；Reproductive Performance

近些年，沿海地区对鱼类的严重扑涝，使我国鱼类资源短缺，导致鱼类饲料的价格高涨，使毛皮动物饲养成本增加，降低了养殖户经济效益，极大地影响了毛皮动物养殖业的发展，针对此现状，本试验利用不同比例膨化大豆来替代狐狸日粮中鱼粉和肉粉，进行消化代谢试验和繁殖性能指标测定，从而确定膨化大豆在狐狸繁殖期日粮中的最佳添加水平，晟终达到降低饲养成本，为毛皮动物饲料厂和养殖户提高经济效益的目的。